Exploring Embodied Conversational Agents in Extended Reality for Language Learning

Abstract

Embodied Conversational Agents (ECAs) integrated into Extended Reality (XR) environments have demonstrated transformative potential for second language (L2) acquisition by creating interactive, context-rich learning experiences. This study systematically reviews research from 2015 to 2024, following PRISMA guidelines, to evaluate the impact of ECAs on immersion, engagement, and cognitive learning outcomes. The findings reveal that ECAs effectively reduce learner anxiety through empathetic interactions, enhance cognitive engagement through adaptive feedback, and support task-based learning in realistic, immersive contexts. However, significant challenges remain, including limited cultural adaptability, declining learner motivation over time, and insufficient system flexibility to accommodate diverse learner needs. To address these challenges, this paper provides specific strategies for adapting ECAs to diverse cultural backgrounds and learning contexts. Additionally, the paper discusses personalized engagement strategies to sustain learner motivation over extended periods. By bridging these gaps, ECAs can maximize their potential to transform L2 education, delivering impactful, adaptive, and accessible language learning experiences.