Mixed or Virtual: Does Device Type Matter in Human-ECA Interactions

Authors

  • Pejman Sajjadi Pennsylvania State University 16802, University Park PA, USA
  • Mahda M. Bagher Pennsylvania State University 16802, University Park PA, USA
  • Jan Oliver Pennsylvania State University 16802, University Park PA, USA
  • Stefan Kopp CITEC; Bielefeld University 33619 Bielefeld, Germany
  • Philipp Cimiano CITEC; Bielefeld University 33619 Bielefeld, Germany
  • Alexander Klippel Pennsylvania State University 16802, University Park PA, USA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56198/

Keywords:

Virtual reality, Mixed reality, Heuristic evaluations, Embodied conversational agents, Zed mini

Abstract

In this paper, we take a first step in exploring the effect of xR devices on the experiences of users in the context of human-agent interactions. We report on the design and heuristic evaluation of an embodied conversational agent integrated into either a Virtual or Mixed Reality environment. Our evaluation with four experts show that Virtual Reality may elicit a better experience from users, while Mixed Reality may evoke a better sense of social presence due to natural user embodiment and spatial references to physical objects in the real environment.

Published

17-11-2025

Conference Proceedings Volume

Section

Conference Proceeedings

How to Cite

Mixed or Virtual: Does Device Type Matter in Human-ECA Interactions. (2025). Immersive Learning Research - Academic, 1(1), 230-235. https://doi.org/10.56198/

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