Framework for Scalable Content Development in Hands-On Virtual and Mixed Reality Science Labs

Abstract

Authentic hands-on laboratory research is essential for undergraduate STEM education. Yet the tactile authenticity required to impact affective, cognitive, or psychomotor learning outcomes associated with laboratory training remains underexplored. Virtual and mixed reality (VR/MR) have enabled increasingly realistic hands-on STEM training experiences. However, they still lack authenticity with regard to user manipulation of fully functional and realistic laboratory tools, analysis of realistic (i.e. user-acquired) noisy data, and the application of critical thinking skills to draw conclusions from such noisy (and possible faulty) data. Here we present efforts to develop such an approach while also providing faculty content experts tools for code-free customization of VR/MR training experiences via structured spreadsheets. This approach enables nuanced real-time user feedback on laboratory skills such as proper pipetting or sterile technique which are otherwise difficult to provide. It also offers complete safety from chemical, biological, and radiological hazards and is more cost-effective than a traditional lab. This Hands-On Virtual-Reality (HOVR) Lab platform is uniquely enabling and will be valuable in the physical and life sciences for both research and instructional applications.